中国“积极防御”军事 doctrine 的演变
The evolution of China’s active defence doctrine
中国红军长征确立了“积极防御”作为中国共产党军队核心军事 doctrine 的地位，这一 doctrine 至今仍指导中国的战略规划。长征也被视为非对称作战、叛乱活动及战略性军政整合的基础案例。
The British Army’s miraculous escape from Nazi Germany’s encirclement at Dunkirk is considered by some to be the greatest military retreat in modern history and a prime example of snatching victory from the jaws of defeat.
Yet years before Dunkirk, the military retreat by the Chinese Red Army, known as the Long March, was more impressive and consequential.
While the Dunkirk evacuation remains in Hollywood fare and a staple of World War II folklore, the Long March is taught at military academies worldwide as a foundational case study in asymmetrical warfare, insurgency and strategic political-military integration.
It was a baptism of fire that did more than resurrect Mao Zedong’s political career and mark his ascent to primacy. It also firmly established “active defence” as the Chinese Communist military’s core doctrine, which continues to guide the nation’s strategic planning to this day.
来源：南华早报 · scmp.com